Anti-animal idioms are no longer tolerated by PETA

As several bloggers have pointed out, PETA truly “jumped the shark” this time, declaring that some of the long-standing English idioms are in reality verbal animal abuse. Do you see any undertones of cruelty in the following idioms? What do you think of PETA’s initiative to minimize verbal violence towards animals? Can we teach an old clown new tricks?

Instead of: A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

Try: An ace in the hand is worth two in the deck

Instead of: Act like an animal

Try: Act like an ogre

Instead of: A feather in your cap

Try: A flower in your cap

Instead of: Ants in your pants

Try: Itches in your britches

Instead of: Back the wrong horse

Try: Back the wrong team

Instead of: Badger

Try: Pester

Instead of: Bats in your belfry

Try: Noodles in your noggin

Instead of: Beat a dead horse

Try: Feed a fed horse

Instead of: Be catty

Try: Backbite

Instead of: Bee in your bonnet

Try: Thorn in your side

Instead of: Be in the doghouse

Try: Be on someone’s bad side

Instead of: Bigger fish to fry

Try: Bigger fish to free

Instead of: Birdbrain

Try: Pea brain

Instead of: Blind as a bat

Try: Blind as the eyes on a potato

Instead of: Bring home the bacon

Try: Bring home the bagels

Instead of: Build a better mousetrap

Try: Build a better mouse pad

Instead of: Bull in a china shop

Try: Tornado in a glass factory

Instead of: Can’t teach an old dog new tricks

Try: Can’t teach an old clown new tricks

Instead of: Cash cow

Try: Moneymaker

Instead of: Catch more flies with honey

Try: Befriend more flies with molasses

Instead of: Chicken out

Try: Lose your nerve

Instead of: Cry over spilt milk

Try: Cry over spilt Silk

Instead of: Curiosity killed the cat

Try: Mind your own business

Instead of: Dirty dog

Try: Filthy fiend

Instead of: Dirty rat

Try: Dirty rascal

Instead of: Dog and pony show

Try: Halftime show

Instead of: Dog-eat-dog world

Try: Cut-throat world

Instead of: Dogfight

Try: Free-for-all

Instead of: Don’t count your chickens before they hatch

Try: Don’t count your chips before they’re cashed

Instead of: Eat crow

Try: Eat your words

Instead of: Eat like a pig

Try: Gluttonize

Instead of: Fish or cut bait

Try: Cook or get out of the kitchen

Instead of: Fly in the ointment

Try: Sand in the gears

Instead of: Fox guarding the henhouse

Try: Vampire guarding the blood bank

Instead of: Get off your high horse

Try: Come down off your pedestal

Instead of: Go to the dogs

Try: Go to pot

Instead of: Have a dog in this fight

Try: Have a stake in this game

Instead of: Hog

Try: Monopolize

Instead of: Hold your horses

Try: Cool your jets

Instead of: Horsing around

Try: Messing around

Instead of: Kill two birds with one stone

Try: Feed two birds with one scone

Instead of: Let the cat out of the bag

Try: Spill the beans

Instead of: Like a chicken with its head cut off

Try: Like your hair is on fire

Instead of: Look like the cat who swallowed the canary

Try: Look as guilty as sin

Instead of: Mad as a March hare

Try: Mad as a hatter

Instead of: Madder than a wet hen

Try: Madder than an Internet troll

Instead of: Make a silk purse out of a sow’s ear

Try: Make a diamond bracelet out of a lump of coal

Instead of: Milk it for all it’s worth

Try: Juice it for all it’s worth

Instead of: More than one way to skin a cat

Try: More than one way to peel an orange

Instead of: Not my circus, not my monkeys

Try: Not my problem

Instead of: Not my first rodeo

Try: Not my first roadshow

Instead of: One-trick pony

Try: One-trick magician

Instead of: Open a can of worms

Try: Open Pandora’s box

Instead of: Packed in like sardines

Try: Packed in like pickles

Instead of: Parrot

Try: Mimic

Instead of: Pig out

Try: Hoover it up

Instead of: Pigheaded

Try: Hardheaded

Instead of: Pull a rabbit out of a hat

Try: Pull a coin out of an ear

Instead of: Pull the wool over your eyes

Try: Pull the polyester over your eyes

Instead of: Put all your eggs in one basket

Try: Put all your berries in one basket

Instead of: Put lipstick on a pig

Try: Gild the lily

Instead of: Put the cart before the horse

Try: Put the caboose before the engine

Instead of: Quit cold turkey

Try: Quit cold tofu

Instead of: Rat out

Try: Nark

Instead of: Ruffle your feathers

Try: Mess up your hair

Instead of: Shoot fish in a barrel

Try: Steal candy from a baby

Instead of: Sitting duck

Try: Easy target

Instead of: Smell a rat

Try: Smell a rotten apple

Instead of: Snail mail

Try: Molasses mail

Instead of: Stubborn as a mule

Try: Stubborn as a fool

Instead of: Talk turkey

Try: Talk Tofurky

Instead of: That dog won’t hunt

Try: That boat won’t float

Instead of: That really gets my goat

Try: That really gets my goatee

Instead of: The straw that broke the camel’s back

Try: The strawberry that broke the gardener’s basket

Instead of: The world is your oyster

Try: The world is your oyster mushroom

Instead of: Walking on egg shells

Try: Walking on thin ice

Instead of: Weasel

Try: Con man

Instead of: We were chomping at the bit

Try: We couldn’t contain ourselves

Instead of: Wild goose chase

Try: Wild gooseberry chase

Instead of: Wolf in sheep’s clothing

Try: Flim-flam man

Instead of: Your goose is cooked

Try: You’re dead in the water

Source: PETA’s Complete List of Animal-Friendly IdiomsSource

Translating invented languages with George R. R. Martin and David J. Peterson

Translating invented languages with George R. R. Martin and David J. Peterson

George R. R. Martin

Born: September 20, 1948, in Bayonne, NJ

“George R. R. Martin created Khal Drogo, and David Benioff and Dan Weiss believed in me, but David Peterson gave me life.”
—Jason Momoa

George R. R. Martin is an author, screenwriter, and a producer, who has all the major rewards and is mostly known for his series A Song of Ice and Fire that adopted by HBO. In Game of Thrones, read and watched by a large portion of the planet, he created an astonishing fantasy world, full of dragons, dwarfs, gods, kings, aspiring princesses, and fierce horse warriors. It is truly an art to bring it all together and make it realistic. In order to accomplish that, Martin gave each society a set of social rules, customs, traditions, morals, style, weaponry, and even their own language. Small bits of Dothraki, the language of long-braided horse-riding warriors, appear in Martin’s books and were a large part of the show. That’s why this language had to be re-created, and David J. Peterson was the one who infused Dothraki with life.

To linguists, language creation is just as compelling as unstable surfaces for cats.

When Peterson started working on this conlang (constructed language), he had a total of fifty-six words, twenty-four of which were proper names. Also, G. Martin didn’t provide him with a pronunciation guide, so the sound of Dothraki was entirely up to Peterson. Relying on his senses to make this language foreign- and harsh-sounding, he used combinations of sounds in Russian, German, and Arabic, that influenced Dothraki.

As of today, it’s a fully-functional, human-usable language with a vocabulary of over 3,000 words.

Phrases:

M’athchomaroon — Hello

Fonas chek — Goodbye

Hash yer dothrae chek? — How are you?

Anha Dothrak chek. — Good.

Sek — Yes

Vos — No

Jalan atthirari anni — Moon of my life

Hash yer astoe ki Dothraki? — Do you speak Dothraki?

If you’re interested in how to construct a new language from the ground up, David J. Peterson gives a detailed overview of the process in his book The Art of Language Invention.

David J. Peterson was born in Long Beach, California in 1981. He attended UC Berkeley from 1999 to 2003 and received a B.A. in English and a B.A. in Linguistics. He then attended UC San Diego from 2003 to 2006, where he received an M.A. in Linguistics. He’s been creating languages since 2000 and working on Game of Thrones since 2009.

Dothraki in numbers

When Peterson started working on this language, he had a total of 56 words, 24 of which were proper names

As of September 2011, the language comprised 3163 words

It has 23 consonants and 4 vowels

Using A Crowd To Create Tension In Your Story

So useful!

Writers In The Storm Blog

By Sharla Rae

Personally, I dread crowds.

They make me feel a bit claustrophobic and oh, the noise! Perhaps this comes from working in my nice quiet office all day; I don’t know. I strive to hit a mall or grocery store on weekdays and not at end of the day when hungry, tired, short-tempered 9 to 5ivers race from work to do a quick and dirty grab for whatever they need. We’re talking lots of negative energy here and these scenes aren’t pretty!

There are many kinds of crowds, though and some are full of energy, the kind that makes excitement bubble beneath your skin and vibrates right down to the bones. This type of energy is contagious. You can literally feel and hear the high voltage zinging through all the people. Think favorite plays, concerts and sporting events. It’s exhilarating. The rushing crush to reach the parking lot…

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Describing Waterfalls

Best Descriptive Writing Sites

If you would like to see many more descriptive passages like the ones below, please check out my book  Writing with Stardust. It is now available on Amazon. You can also just click any of the book images underneath.

LEVEL 1: BASIC SENTENCES

1. The waterfall was aquarium-blue. COLOUR

2. It was drizzling onto the rocks. SOFTSOUNDS

3. The larger waterfall was pounding the rocks. LOUDSOUNDS

4. It tumbled down the mountain. ACTION

5. The bliss-pool at the bottom was varnish clear. A DIVINITY-POOL

6. It looked like a wall of blue satin threaded with silver. TEXTURE

7. The flowers next to it were nodding gently. OTHER IMAGES

8. It was freezing and we were shaking with the cold. SENSATION

9. The flowers growing nearby had a honey sweet smell. SMELL

10. We ate an ice cream cone on the bank and it was

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Insurance Eye-Openers for Oklahoma Homeowners

“Illusion methodologies” as an innovative training tool for hazardous workplaces

With the rapid advancement of computer technologies, it became possible to simulate complex technological processes for the training and professional development of specialists in various fields. Simulation (imitation or also illusion) methodologies of personnel training are becoming more and more popular due to their effectiveness in explaining complex concepts. They are immersive in nature and replicate real experiences in a very interactive way while protecting trainees from unnecessary risks.

For example, virtual medical simulators allow mastering the most complex practical skills without any risk to the patient. Many aviation schools use artificial aircrafts such as the Full Flight Simulator (FFS), which not only mimics the pilot’s cabin, but also creates a sense of the full reality of what is happening, including the runway belonging to a particular airport. Suffice it to say that there are virtual aviation-training courses online that simulate real aviation courses using virtual video games.

The oil and gas industry also includes certain risks as a result of complex technological processes and high potential of accidents, which lead to significant economic and environmental losses, not to mention human casualties. Electrostatic charge (ESD), an unbalanced electrical charge at rest, can be a common cause for such accidents. When two non-conducting materials come into contact or separate, there is an amplification of electrons on the surface of one material and loss on the other. This leads to an unbalanced electrical state and possible accidents at work. To work with such processes, specially trained, qualified operators are required who bear greater responsibility for the consequences of the decisions made in the management of the production process.               In order to improve the reliability and quality of personnel and reduce the potential for accidents caused by static electricity, companies must conduct in-depth courses in the prevention of emergencies and pay much attention to the technical equipment used in training. A training program may include a theoretical course based on the qualifications of the staff, as well as practical training and demonstration of the use of modern equipment and materials to protect against electrostatic discharges (ESD). The use of the ESR simulator in the training process makes it possible to train personnel at a high level for work at oil and gas facilities.

Simulation approach is described by OSHA as an effective way to develop problem-solving capabilities. Research showed that adding realism to both the training conditions and evaluation measures makes for a more effective outcome; moreover, OSHA promotes alternatives to current traditional approaches such as simulation methodologies.

The development of simulation-based educational technologies has given a boost to the professional training of adults. Currently, simulators are used in many areas that involve high risks such as health care, aviation, and military. This realistic type of training can be very effective in teaching  correct procedures to the employees while allowing them to also see the consequences of what might happen if they do not follow established operating procedures. In addition, simulations were proved to be most effective as a supplement to basic OSH training.

Stomach and Mind Games

What is taste? Why do some people prefer juicy briny pickles and some indulge in crispy zesty miniature cornichons? If you are not too much into pickled goods but a delicious cookie would be hard to resist – which one would you choose: thick and chewy with flaky texture or golden crispy one with caramelized edges? Or perhaps, you are thinking about a fragrant freshly baked apple pie induced with cinnamon. Whatever it is, the image of it is not limited by simply stating its taste characteristics, sweet, salty, bitter, sour, or unami. Our favored foods normally associate with their scents, looks, and even memories. Taste is a very complex and hard-to-explain notion the understanding about which comes not from what we eat but what our mind interprets it as.

This vision gave a rise to a new trend in the science world called neurogastronomy. This neologism means interdisciplinary collaboration between neuroscience and culinary. The principles of neurogastronomy lie in the brain’s reactions to flavor characteristics of foods which are then interpreted based on human perceptions. This term was first coined in 2006 by Gordon Shepherd, a professor of neuroscience at Yale. He examined how sense of taste is interpreted by the brain and showed through a research that flavor does not originate in what we eat, but in what our minds derive from the experience.

We tend to think of flavor as predominantly connected to our sense of taste, largely because we put food into our mouths, and that is where our taste buds are located. However, taste is a combination of all senses going on in our heads: sensations in the mouth, sound as we crunch on the food, and finally, vision is extremely important.

This is a provocative idea, but it can be proven without going to a laboratory. There is an experiment that you can do at home: Take equally sized cubes of an apple and an onion. Ask another person close his/her eyes and pinch the nose. Your subject will most likely not be able to distinguish the difference between the two samples of foods. As professor Gordon stated on “Taste Matters” podcast, “We take in the representations of molecules that are released into our mouths from the foods that we eat and activate these different sensations, and perceptions are created from those molecules.” That leads to pleasure or dissatisfaction from food.

So-called gustatory illusion can be demonstrated on the example of Thanksgiving Day. Think of the time when you enter the kitchen in your family home, you see the final preparations of your traditional Thanksgiving meal – be it the scent bouquet of the variety of foods, or taking the stuffing out of the oven and giving it a stir, the sound of an electric knife cutting though the visually arresting turkey making its juices drip, or peeking in the pan with glazed sweet potatoes inhaling their alluring aroma. You take in all the sensations, smells, looks, sounds, touches combined with elevated mood and spirit, and you exclaim, “This is going to be so tasty!” This idea comes not from mouth but from your nose, ears, vision, touch, memories, and feelings of anticipation. There is a possibility that the brain creates an illusion that we learn while growing up. Marco Valussi conducted a few experiments to prove that, one of which entailed giving participants two glasses filled with identical juices – however, one was red and the other one was white. All participants stated that the deeply colored drink was more intense in flavor while the light-colored drink was more delicate.

A very interesting and compelling discovery was made by Maria Konnikova at a mega-contemporary three starred restaurant The Fat Duck in Bray, England. Sipping her wine she was approached by the restaurant sommelier who asked her how her wine was. She replied that the taste was smooth and buttery. Then he suggested that she picked up the glass with her non-dominant hand. After doing that she realized that the taste was completely different – it was crispier and sharper. The explanation for this lies in the dominant hand being more fluent and sending signals that are easier to interpret. After coming to this conclusion they decided to take the experiment up a notch and played a series of different sound tracks. The wine taste changed with every song.

Another frontier to explore is how it affects our eating habits. Many people say, “I’d eat healthier if that food tasted better.” Nonetheless, it is quite possible to condition oneself to like certain foods. Let’s take coffee as an example. Trying it for the first time one may be wary of what flavor to expect. With the help of creamers and sugar but most importantly, repeated exposure (think of freshly brewed aromatic coffee when you walk in the office every morning), this bitter beverage becomes something special that one can no longer start a day without. Same happens with sweets and treats that are often served on holidays when family and other guests are around in a positive and cheerful setting. Thus, positive sensations, emotions, social aspects may also shape the preference for a food.

Notably, children acquire flavor preferences at a very young age which are triggered by biological, emotional, and cultural factors. Furthermore, the taste formation starts in the womb, with the first taste buds appearing at eight weeks of gestation, and continues throughout the rest of our lives; adults may even change their food preferences throughout the lifetime. The areas in which families live— and where their ancestors originated—also influence food likes and dislikes. Different cultures prioritize different specifics of food: crunchiness in the US, texture in Japan, visual presentation in Russia, and so on.

The more we learn about flavor, the more we realize how easy it can be to manipulate our food experiences thus making healthier foods more appealing. Once you understand your relationship with food, you can learn how to control your cravings and redirect them in order to make healthier food choices. We don’t have to give up our hedonistic approach to foods – it’s possible to take pleasure from eating healthy foods, and it’s possible to design a diet that works personally for you. Consequently, the neurogastronomical innovation could be more robust than any other previous diet approaches.

The Man in the Iron Mask: How to Control Your Emotions in Poker

“All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.” This quote by William Shakespeare is best applied to the poker table where all players strive for the best performance of their lifetime. Fortunately, most players are bad actors. However, not so fortunate if one of them is you. So, how can you control your emotions and your body language in order to hide them from your opponents? There are a few useful techniques to help you succeed at it.

1. Act as if you were watching the game from the outside.
2. As soon as you start feeling emotional, relax.
3. Bring a friend with you and ask them to observe you during the game. Take some tips from them on how you act and react.
4. Focus on your opponents. Watching your opponents and paying attention to their actions and speech will help you “read” them better. In addition to that, the process of analyzing will take your mind off things and control negative emotions better. Watch for the verbal and non-verbal signs that will help you understand your opponent’s actions. And remember, it is more important to pay attention to the actions before “the act” that they become part of.
5. Determine your goals and strategy to achieve them. Think about the reasons why you are playing. Do you want to win big? Do you play for fun? Remember that even the best players occasionally lose. If poker is your idea of having fun, then have some fun with it! Don’t let yourself stress out about the game. Also, when you make yourself aware of that, it will make the game more enjoyable and help you make decisions easier.
6. As Russian poker’s elite Liliya Novikova who has a solid background in competitive gaming noted in her interview with Team PokerStars Pro Online, self-control is the best friend when playing poker, and the best cure from tilting is taking a break from the game and reflecting on positive things.

The Art of Research: How I do it on the example of “Curriculum Changes in post-Soviet Russia”

One of the most pressing concerns for Russian society is the quality of education which drastically changed in the post-Soviet era. Harley Balzer’s findings show that trends and policies priorities were seriously affected by the political and economic changes of 1990s. During the 1990s, there was enormous energy and the will to change, but available resources encouraged a survival mentality. Since 2000, the economic situation has improved markedly. However, resistance to change has grown. The new economic system, values and ambitions to “simply make money and do it fast” changed people’s attitudes towards getting a quality education. My research of Soviet and post-Soviet education models showed more differences than similarities between the two and the effect of reforms on national curriculum.

First, I’d need to identify the kinds of information (support) to make my ideas fresh and convincing. The defined criteria for comparison and contrast of Soviet Russian and modern curriculum could be educational structure, trends, guiding principles of education, management and structure of curricula, educational standards (including achievement), learning content, intended instructional time, and textbook development. Then, I need to provide specific examples to illustrate these main points. A graphic or chart that compares the number of school hours per week from the Soviet time with the current situation would be a good example of support for the intended instructional time comparison criteria. A table with estimate numbers of 18 year-old males entering higher education containing data for 1990-2006 would be a good example of changing trends in educational sector. Synthesizing information and ideas from a variety of sources will help me and my audience see the issue from a variety of perspectives and think more deeply about it.

Considering and evaluating source types is another big step in research. Only useful, appropriate, relevant, and reliable sources should be used. Researchers must be equally skilled at locating sources in print and in electronic formats. Sources can be classified as primary (firsthand) and secondary (that report or comment on primary sources). In this research, I’d use both, but give my preference to scholarly sources over popular and reference works. Most scholarly sources are peer-reviewed. A relevant source contains information that is appropriate for the intended audience and up-to-date. A reliable source is honest, accurate, and credible.

Finding sources and synthesizing them are two things I would take pleasure in doing. While looking for information, it is possible that I discover facts, statistics, or experts’ ideas about the topic that could surprise me or teach me something new. My research project focuses on comparing and contrasting two things: Soviet and post-Soviet Russian curriculum. Thus, I’m going to categorize the information I found on each subtopic separately, and then use that organized information in my research paper. However, before starting the process of synthesizing, all working sources need to be evaluated, which is an equally dauntless task for me. The areas of particular interest are the ideals on which the two educational systems are built on and the sources of stagnation in education.

In my research, I’ve come across a lot of credible and relevant sources that were also authentic. It could impose a problem for people who don’t know how to read and speak Russian. In that case, they will have to rely heavily on English resources, many of which are secondary sources. If one wanted to provide some specific examples of content from Soviet textbooks compared to modern day ones, translation services would be needed.

In conclusion, research in this area would be beneficial to understanding and improving education’s political, social, and economic roles. Changes of values associated with the shift from solidarity to individualism have impacted the process of curriculum development. Rapid economic development, globalization, and internationalization create a challenge of modernization and integrating new learning content in a timely manner. In the light of this, regional and international cooperation might be a good solution for overcoming the challenges, resolving the contradictions, and ensuring quality and effectiveness.

Завтрак чемпиона и очередная победа Касаткиной

Российская теннисистка Дарья Касаткина на турнире в Дохе обыграла вторую ракетку мира Анжелику Кербер в трех партиях.

Хоть Касаткиной и не удалось дойти до финального матча на соревнованиях QatarTotalOpen, все же не каждый день выигрываешь у чемпиона с мировым рейтингом; тем не менее, это уже вторая победа Касаткиной над Кербер в этом году.

Хоть Касаткиной и не удалось дойти до финального матча на соревнованиях Qatar Total Open, все же не каждый день выигрываешь у чемпиона с мировым рейтингом; тем не менее, это уже вторая победа Касаткиной над Кербер в этом году.

В 2016 году Дарья, теннисистка из Тольятти, выиграла «Ролан Гаррос». На тот момент ей было 17 лет, и несомненно, что эта победа стала ярким событием в ее карьере. Именно тогда она призналась в своем интервью, что как и многих успешных спортсменов, у нее есть свои традиции и ритуалы, приносящие удачу на корте. На турнирах у нее есть такая примета: чем начала завтракать в первый день турнира, тем и продолжает до конца. А победным завтраком на «Ролан Гаррос» оказались блинчики с джемом и хлопья с соком. Но больше всего она любит суши.

Мы постоянно слышим, что завтрак – это важнейший прием пищи. Завтрак дает нам необходимый запас энергии, который придает сил для того, чтобы успешно и плодотворно начать новый день. Конечно, при этом важен не только сам факт приема пищи, но и то, какие продукты человек будет употреблять. В особенности, это имеет значение, когда речь идет о спортсменах мирового уровня.

Не следует полагать, что существует универсальная диета чемпиона. В соответствии с особенностями обменных процессов при различных тренировочных режимах, требуется изменение количественной и качественной характеристики питания. Работа в анаэробном режиме требует сохранения в рационе оптимального количества белка, увеличения доли углеводов за счет снижения количества жира. Динамические или статические мышечные усилия, направленные на увеличение мышечной массы и развитие силы, требуют повышения содержания в рационе белка, витаминов группы В, витамина РР. При совершенствовании выносливости, при работе в аэробном режиме требуется увеличить калорийность рациона, повысить количество углеводов, полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, липидов, витаминов А, Е, В1, В2, В12, аскорбиновой кислоты, фолиевой кислоты и др. Характер питания в смешанном анаэробно-аэробном режиме близок к формуле сбалансированного питания здорового человека, при этом соотношение между белками, жирами, углеводами выглядит как 1: 0,9 : 4. Таким образом, в зависимости от вида спорта, подбирается и режим питания (более подробно в источнике).

Легкоатлеты

Диета легкоатлетов предусматривает большое количество молочных продуктов для поддержания необходимого уровня кальция в системе, необходимого для укрепления костей. Также рекомендуется употреблять достаточно витаминов, микроэлементов и аминокислот.

Спортивные гимнасты

Сбалансированный рацион и рассчитанное соотношение КБЖУ важно для гимнастов с целью поддержания стабильной и относительно малой массы тела. Поэтому основу системы питания гимнасток составляют белковые продукты: мясо нежирных сортов, птица, рыба, яйца, молоко и молочные продукты. Еду предполагается употреблять только в вареном или тушеном виде, так как излишние калории и способствует набору жировой массы.

Пловцы

Лучшие пловцы любят чувствовать легкость в день заплыва, поэтому они  избегают тяжелой пищи, на переваривание которой уходит много энергии. Их выбор останавливается на фруктах, йогуртах, легких зерновых и злаковых культурах (овсянка, гречка) в небольших порциях. Они также избегают жареных блюд, жирного и обработанных продуктов питания.

Футболисты и хоккеисты

Еда перед матчем должна состоять из углеводов с небольшим добавлением белка, поскольку белки могут вызвать трудности с пищеварением. В этот момент закладывается энергетический базис для игрока на весь матч. Калорийная еда – вот залог победы. Чтобы сохранить глюкозу в крови, футболисты и хоккеисты употребляют углеводы, например, макароны или рис. «Перед матчами все футболисты едят много спагетти», – говорит капитан российской сборной Андрей Аршавин, выступающий категорически против диет и специальных режимов питания.

И правда, в обычной жизни игроки едят все, что хотят – молочный шоколад и леденцы с большим содержанием сахара их отнюдь не пугают.